Students apply the law of reflection to find angles and describe images in plane mirrors, predict whether light bends towards or away from the normal when it is refracted, and explain dispersion and why objects appear coloured. They order the electromagnetic spectrum, match each type of wave to its uses and dangers, and use c = fλ to calculate wavelength, frequency and the time light takes to travel from the Sun.
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Curriculum: New Zealand Curriculum. We show specific outcome codes only where they have been verified against the official curriculum document.
Completed: Light: Reflection, Refraction and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Year 10 students (typically ages 14–15) working on energy, light, sound & electricity. It is pitched at level 2 · standard; a harder version is linked above.
Yes. The PDF includes a full answer sheet with model answers and success criteria where there is more than one good answer. You can also view the answers online.
About 45 minutes for 17 questions. Short, regular sessions work best: two or three a week beats one long one.
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Success TutoringWorksheetsYear 10 · Science · Energy, Light, Sound & ElectricityName
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Measure every angle from the normal, not from the surface.
Angles are always measured from the normal, an imaginary line at 90° to the surface where the ray hits it. Law of reflection: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Refraction is the change in direction of light as it passes from one material to another, caused by a change in speed. Entering a denser material (air → glass or water) light slows down and bends towards the normal. Entering a less dense material it speeds up and bends away from the normal.
White light is a mixture of colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Objects look coloured because they reflect some colours and absorb the rest.
Visible light is one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. All electromagnetic waves are transverse, can travel through a vacuum and travel at the speed of light, c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s. From longest to shortest wavelength (lowest to highest frequency and energy): radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays.
Preview — the PDF contains the full resource and answer sheet.
Students describe sound as a longitudinal wave of compressions and rarefactions and define amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period,…
Students define current, voltage and resistance with their units and measuring instruments, then use Ohm's law (V = IR) to calculate…
Worksheet · Year 9 · Energy, Light, Sound & Electricity · Level 2 · Standard
Worksheet · Year 9 · Energy, Light, Sound & Electricity · Level 2 · Standard
Worksheet · Year 11 · Energy, Light, Sound & Electricity · Level 3 · Challenge
Worksheet · Year 11 · Energy, Light, Sound & Electricity · Level 3 · Challenge
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