Answer: juxtaposition → placing two contrasting things side by side to highlight their differences; motif → a recurring image, idea or object that builds meaning across a text; foreshadowing → hints early in a text about what will happen later; in medias res → beginning a story in the middle of the action; cyclical structure → ending where the text began, often with a change; anticlimax → a disappointing or deflating outcome after a build-up; volta → a turn in thought or feeling in a poem; denouement → the final resolution after the climax

Answer: A symbol is an object or image that stands for a larger idea, and may appear only once. A motif is a recurring element that builds meaning through repetition; a motif may also be symbolic.

Answer: A flashback is a scene that interrupts the present to show an earlier event. A framing narrative is an outer story that contains another story inside it (for example, a character telling a tale), so it shapes the whole text rather than one scene.

Answer: It creates immediate tension and curiosity, drawing the reader in and encouraging them to piece together what happened; background can be revealed later through flashback or dialogue.

Model answer: 1. The film opens in medias res, with the heist already going wrong, which immediately places the audience in a state of tension. 2. The repeated image of a stopped clock functions as a motif, suggesting that the main character is trapped in the moment of her loss. 3. The director juxtaposes the bright, noisy wedding with the silent, empty hospital corridor, sharpening the contrast between celebration and grief. 4. The cyclical structure, which ends on the same rooftop where the film began, shows how far the character has changed while her surroundings have not.