What you need to know
A noun is a naming word. It names a person (teacher, Olivia), a place (beach, Brisbane), a thing (pencil, kangaroo) or an idea or feeling (happiness, courage). Almost every sentence has at least one noun, because sentences are usually about someone or something. A quick test: if you can put 'a', 'an' or 'the' in front of a word, it is probably a noun — the dog, a park, an apple.
Finding the nouns in a sentence
- Sentence: 'The girl kicked the ball over the fence.'
- Ask: who or what is this sentence about? girl, ball, fence.
- Each of those names a person or a thing, so the nouns are girl, ball and fence.
Common and proper nouns
A common noun names any one of a kind of thing: city, dog, month. A proper noun names one particular person, place or thing and always starts with a capital letter: Sydney, Rex, March. Days of the week, months, names of people, pets, streets, cities, countries and titles of books are all proper nouns.
| Common noun | Proper noun |
|---|
| girl | Mia |
| city | Melbourne |
| day | Friday |
| river | Murray River |
| teacher | Mr Patel |
Common mistake: giving a capital letter to a common noun because it feels important. 'My Dog loves the Beach' should be 'My dog loves the beach'. But if the dog's name is Beach, that word gets a capital: 'My dog Beach loves swimming.'
Collective nouns. A collective noun names a group of people, animals or things as one unit: a flock of birds, a herd of cattle, a team of players, a bunch of grapes, a class of students. Even though a flock has many birds in it, the word 'flock' is a single noun.
Singular and plural
A singular noun names one thing; a plural noun names more than one. Most nouns add -s (cat → cats). Nouns ending in s, x, ch or sh add -es (box → boxes, wish → wishes). Nouns ending in a consonant and y change y to -ies (baby → babies). Some are irregular and just have to be learnt: child → children, mouse → mice, foot → feet, sheep → sheep.
Sorting nouns
- Words: Perth, apple, Tuesday, flock, nurse, Harry.
- Proper nouns (particular, capital letter): Perth, Tuesday, Harry.
- Common nouns (any one of a kind): apple, nurse.
- Collective noun (a group): flock.
Check yourself
- Find the three nouns: 'My uncle parked his car near the shop.'
- Which is the proper noun: river, Queensland, mountain?
- Rewrite with correct capitals: 'on monday, sam flew to hobart.'
- What is the collective noun in 'A swarm of bees flew past'?
- Write the plural of: box, baby, child.
- Is 'happiness' a noun? (Hint: can you say 'the happiness'?)
Answers: 1. uncle, car, shop 2. Queensland 3. On Monday, Sam flew to Hobart. 4. swarm 5. boxes, babies, children 6. Yes — it names a feeling, so it is an abstract noun.