What you need to know
A persuasive text tries to convince the reader to agree with a point of view or to take action. Unlike a story, it has one clear position (also called a thesis or contention) and everything in the text supports it. Good persuasive writing is organised, gives reasons backed by evidence, and uses language chosen to move the reader.
| Part | What it does | Tip |
|---|
| Introduction | Hooks the reader, states the topic and gives your position clearly | End with a sentence that previews your reasons |
| Body paragraph 1 | Your strongest reason, with evidence and explanation | Start with a topic sentence |
| Body paragraph 2 | Your second reason | Use a connective: 'Furthermore', 'In addition' |
| Body paragraph 3 | Your third reason, or a counter-argument that you knock down | 'Some people think … however …' |
| Conclusion | Restates your position and sums up your reasons | Finish with a call to action |
Building a body paragraph: PEEL
- P — Point: a topic sentence that gives the reason. 'School canteens should sell more fresh fruit.'
- E — Evidence: a fact, statistic, example or expert opinion. 'Health experts recommend that children eat two serves of fruit every day.'
- E — Explain: show how the evidence proves your point. 'If fruit is easy to buy at school, students are far more likely to reach that target.'
- L — Link: connect back to your position. 'This simple change would make every student healthier.'
Planning in five steps
- Read the topic and decide your position: 'Should homework be banned?' — I will argue no, homework should not be banned.
- Brainstorm reasons and pick the best three: practises skills, builds responsibility, keeps parents informed.
- For each reason, jot down one piece of evidence or an example.
- Think of the strongest argument against you and plan a sentence that answers it.
- Write the introduction last if you like — it is easier once you know your reasons.
Persuasive devices
| Device | Example |
|---|
| Emotive language | 'Thousands of helpless animals are abandoned every year.' |
| Rhetorical question | 'How would you feel if it were your pet?' |
| Facts and statistics | 'Over 80% of students surveyed wanted longer lunch breaks.' |
| Rule of three | 'It is cheap, quick and easy.' |
| Inclusive language | 'We all want our school to be a safe place.' |
| Repetition | 'We need action now. Not next year. Now.' |
| Modal verbs (high) | 'The council must build a new skate park.' |
Common mistake: sitting on the fence. A persuasive text that says 'there are good points on both sides' does not persuade anyone. Choose a side and argue it with confidence, even if you personally feel unsure.
Common mistake: listing reasons without explaining them. 'Homework is good because it helps you learn' is a point with no evidence or explanation. Ask yourself 'How do I know?' and 'So what?' after every reason.
Model introduction
- Hook: 'Imagine a school where every child arrives wide awake and ready to learn.'
- Topic: 'This could be our school if the day started at 9:30 instead of 8:30.'
- Position and preview: 'School should start later because students would sleep more, concentrate better and arrive safely.'
Check yourself
- What is the job of the introduction in a persuasive text?
- What do the letters in PEEL stand for?
- Name two persuasive devices and give an example of each.
- Rewrite as a stronger, high-modality sentence: 'Maybe the school could consider getting more bins.'
- Which is a better topic sentence? (a) 'Dogs are great.' (b) 'Owning a dog teaches children responsibility.'
- What should the conclusion do?
Answers: 1. Hook the reader, introduce the topic and state your position clearly. 2. Point, Evidence, Explain, Link. 3. Any two from the table, e.g. rhetorical question ('Do we really want to waste more water?') and rule of three ('safer, cleaner and cheaper'). 4. e.g. 'The school must install more bins immediately.' 5. (b) — it gives a reason that can be explained and supported. 6. Restate the position, sum up the reasons and finish with a call to action.