Flowers are where flowering plants make seeds. The stamen is the male part: its anther makes powdery pollen. The carpel (pistil) is the female part: it has a sticky stigma on top and an ovary at the bottom containing ovules.

Pollination happens when pollen is carried from an anther to a stigma. Many plants are pollinated by animals such as bees, butterflies, birds and bats, which are attracted by colourful petals, scent and nectar. Other plants are pollinated by the wind.

After pollination, a tube grows from the pollen grain down to an ovule. Fertilisation happens when the male and female cells join. The ovule then grows into a seed, and the ovary often grows into a fruit around it.

Seed dispersal means spreading seeds away from the parent plant. Seeds can be carried by wind, water or animals, or flung out when a pod bursts open.

When a seed lands somewhere with enough water, warmth and oxygen, it can germinate: a root grows down and a shoot grows up. The young plant (seedling) grows into an adult plant that makes its own flowers, and the cycle starts again.